| Technology | Standard |
| Wireless Transmission | IEEE802.11, IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g,IEEE802.11n, WiMAX, Satellite, Bluetooth |
| High Speed Internet Access | ADSL, HDSL, RADSL, SDSL, VDSL, G.SHDSL, FTTH, ISDN,Cable modem, TDM |
| WAN, MAN | Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, SONET/SDH,ATM, DWDM/CWDM, Frame relay, MPLS, Satellite |
| Mobile Phone | 0G PTT, MTS, IMTS, AMTS, IPTS 0.5G Autotel/PALM, ARP 1G NMT, AMPS 2G GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, CDMA, PDC, PHS 2.5G GPRS, CDMA2000 1xRTT 2.75G EDGE 3G UMTS CDMA2000 1xEV TD-SCDMA 4G OFDM |
| Internet Mobility | Mobile IP, Mobile IPv6, NEMO |
| Signalling | H.323, SIP, RSVP, H.225.0, H.245 |
| Streaming | RTP, RTCP, RTSP |
| Media Codec | Audio GSM, G.711, G.721(ADPCM), G.722, G.723, G.723.1,G.726, G.728, G.729, G729a, HILN, AMR, Speex, MP1, MP2, MP3, AC-3, PCM, AAC, ATRAC, DTS, Musepack, TwinVQ, WMA, Vorbis, PAC Video AVS, Cinepak, H.261, H.263, H.263v2, H.264, KVCD, MJPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, Pixlet, RealVideo, WMV |
| Internet | TCP, UDP, ICMP, IPv4, IPv6(IPSoC) |
| Telephone | PSTN |
| Server (Network protocol) | FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, POP3, SNMP, SMTP, Telnet, Gnutella, DNS, SSH, IMAP, NTP, Gopher, Finger, NNTP, LDAP, DHCP, IRC, Jabber, WebDAV, DICT, BACnet, RADIUS, DIAMETER, SIP, SSL, WAP |
| Adhoc Network | MANET |
| Interface | Serial Port, Parallel Port, USB1.1, USB2.0, Firewire, Infrared,Bluetooth, SCSI |
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Wireless
| Type of Service | Theoretical Throughput | Frequency band | Description |
| IEEE802.11n | > 100 Mbps | 2.4 GHz | Higher throughput improvements |
| WiMAX (IEEE802.16) | 70 Mbps | 2 - 11 GHz | Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, 50 km range |
| IEEE802.11g | 54 Mbps | 2.4 GHz | - |
| IEEE802.11a | 54 Mbps | 5 GHz | - |
| IEEE802.11b | 11 Mbps | 2.4 GHz | - |
| Bluetooth | 2.1 Mbps | 2.4 GHz | 10-100 m range depending on the power class |
| IEEE802.11 | 1-2 Mbps | 2.4 GHz | Original standard |
Distance coverage depends on products and power consumed
| Type of Service | Theoretical Throughput | Description |
| VDSL | 52 Mbps (upstream) 12 Mbps (downstream) | Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line, using 4 different frequency bands |
| ADSL | 256 kbps - 24 Mbps (downstream) 640 kbps - 3.5 Mbps (upstream) | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, 25.875 kHz to 138kHz (upstream), 138 kHz - 1104 kHz (downstream) |
| SDSL | 72-2320 kbps | Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line,3 km max range |
| G.SHDSL | 192-2304 kbps | Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line |
| TDM | 64 kbps per channel frame | Time-Division Multiplexing, divided into DS0, DS1 (T1),DS2, DS3 (T3), DS4, DS5 |
| RADSL | Varied | Rate-adaptive Digital Subscriber Line, adaptive upstream speed |
| FTTH | Varied | Fibre to the Home, using fibre-optic cables |
| ISDN | 64 - 128 kbps | Integrated Services Digital Network, transmitting data over ordinary telephone copper wires |
| Cable modem - DOCSIS - HFC | 384 kbps (upstream) 4 Mbps (downstream) 2 Mbps (upstream) 10 Mbps (downstream) | Using cable television infrastructure Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification,typically transfer rate is capped. Hybrid Fibre Coaxial |
| Type of Service | Theoretical Throughput | Description |
| DWDM/CWDM | Up to 10 G and expanded over 1.6Tbps | Dense/Coarse Wavelength-division multiplexing |
| Gigabit Ethernet - 1000BASE-T - 1000BASE-SX - 1000BASE-LX - 10GBASE-SR - 10GBASE-CX4 - 10GBASE-LX4 - 10GBASE-LR - 10GBASE-ER | 1 Gbps 1 Gbps 1 Gbps 10 Gbps 10 Gbps 10 Gbps 10 Gbps 10 Gbps | Transferring data over cat-5e copper cable Operating over multi-mode optical fibre using a 0.85 micrometre near infrared light wave length. Using single-mode optical fibre Supporting short distances over multi-mode fibre cabling, 26-82 m range Copper interface using InfiniBand CX4 cables and InfiniBand 4x connectors for short-reach applications, max. 15 m range Using wavelength division multiplexing, 240-300 m range Long range (10 km), single-mode fibre Extended range (40 km), single-mode fibre |
| FDDI | 100 Mbps | Fibre distributed data interface,200 km range, based on the token ring protocol, using optical fibre or copper cable |
| Ethernet - 10BASE5 - 10BASE2 - 10BASE-T - 10BASE-F | 10 Mbps | Using a single 50-ohm RG-8 coaxial cable, 500 m range 50-ohm RG-58 coaxial cable, 200 m range Running over 2 twisted pairs of cat-3 or cat-5 cables, 100m range Using fibre optic cable |
| SONET | Increments of 51.840 Mbps | Synchronous Optical Networking, widely used in the U.S. and Canada |
| SDH | Increments of 51.840 Mbps | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, made possible by the existence of atomic clocks |
| ATM | Varied | Asynchronous Transfer Mode, cell relay network protocol |
| Frame relay | Varied | Packet switched telecommunication network |
| MPLS | Varied | Multiprotocol Label Switching, application of benefits of ATM to IP and other packet-switching technologies |
| Satellite | Varied | - |
Mobile Phone
| Type of Service | Theoretical Throughput | Description |
| OFDM (4G) | 10 up Mbps | Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, used in many communications systems such as:ADSL, Wireless LAN, DAB, DVB, UWB and PLC |
| TD-SCDMA | 8-10 Mbps | Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, packet-based data service in W-CDMA |
| CDMA2000 1xEV | 3.1 Mbps (downlink), 1.8 Mbps (uplink) | Code Division Multiple Access |
| UMTS (Wideband CDMA) | 1920 kbps | Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, 1885-2025 MHz (uplink), 2110-2200 MHz (downlink) |
| EDGE | 384 kbps | Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, working in TDMA and GSM |
| CDMA2000 1xRTT | 144 kbps | Code Division Multiple Access |
| iDEN | 96 kbps (WiDEN) | Integrated Digital Enhanced Network,proprietary network used by Nextel in the United States and Telus Mobility in Canada |
| GPRS | 30-70 kbps | General Packet Radio Service |
| GSM | 9600-64000 bps | Global System for Mobile Communications, originally from Europe but used worldwide 900/1800 MHz and 850/1900 MHz in the USA and Canada |
| CDMA | 14400 bps | Code Division Multiple Access, used in the Americas and parts of Asia |
| D-AMPS | 9600 bps | Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System, used in Americas |
| PDC | 9.6 kbps | Personal Digital Cellular, used exclusively in Japan |
Interface
| Interface | Theoretical Throughput | Description |
| USB2.0 | 480 Mbps | Universal Serial Bus |
| FireWire | 400 Mbps | i.Link or IEEE1394A, serial bus interface standard offering highspeed communications and isochronous real-time |
| Infrared | 2.4k - 16M bps | 1 m range, 0.1 m low-power range |
| USB1.1 | 12 Mbps | Universal Serial Bus |
| Parallel Port | 12 Mbps | IEEE1284 |
| Bluetooth | 2.1 Mbps | 10-100 m range depending on the power class |
| Serial Port | 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200,etc bps | - |
| SCSI Interface Overview |
| Interface | Bus Speed(Mbyte/s) | Bus Width(Bits) | Max.Cable Length(Metres) | Max.Number of Devices |
| SCSI-1 | 3.5(asynchronous) 5(synchronous) | 8 | 6 | 8 |
| SCSI-2 -Fast SCSI -Wide SCSI | 10 20 | 8 16 | 1.5 - 3 1.5 - 3 | 8 16 |
| SCSI-3 -Ultra SCSI -Ultra-Wide SCSI | 20 40 | 8 16 | 1.5 - 3 1.5 - 3 | 5 - 8 5 - 8 |
| Ultra-2 SCSI | 40 | 8 | 12 | 8 |
| Ultra-2 Wide SCSI | 80 | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| Ultra-3 SCSI | 160 | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| Ultra-320 SCSI | 320 | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| Ultra-640 SCSI | 640 | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| iSCSI | Limited only by IP network | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Video Codec |
| Codec | Frame size (in pixels) | Bit rate (average) | Description |
| AVS | Varied | 150 kbps | Audio Video Standard, developed by Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group of China |
| Cinepak | Varied | Low | Primary codec of early version of QuickTime and Microsoft Video for Windows |
| H.261 | 352x288 176x144 | 40 k - 2 Mbps | Originally designed for transmission over ISDN,now obsolete |
| H.263 | 176x144 128x96 | Low, < 64 kbps | For video conferencing, |
| H.264 | Varied | Varied | MPEG-4 Part 10, high compression digital video codec standard, |
| KVCD | 528x576 352x288 | 64 k - 3 Mbps | Modification to the standard MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, compatible with most modern standalone DVD players |
| MJPEG | 720x576 | 29 Mbps | Motion JPEG, quality decreases when footage contains lots of movement. |
| MPEG-1 | Limited at 352x288 | Limited at 1150 kbps | VHS-quality, enabled Video CD, enabled CDROM,highest compatibility of any digital video/audio codec |
| MPEG-2 | 720x576, 704x576, 352x576, 352x288 | Constant or variable | Used to encode audio and video for broadcast signals, used by standard commercial DVD movies |
| MPEG-4 | Varied | Varied | DivX, XviD, 3ivx, Primarily used for web streaming media, CD distribution, videophone and broadcast television, scalable quality |
| Pixlet | Varied | Varied | Created by Apple Computer and based on wavelets, designed to enable viewing of full resolution |
| RealVideo | Varied | Varied | Created by RealNetwork, used to deliver streaming video across IP networks at low bit rates to PCs, optimised for streaming via the proprietary Phoneline Networking Alliance protocol |
| WMV | Varied | Varied | Windows Media Video, streaming video codec developed by Microsoft, used as low resolution video for dial up internet users to HDTV, viewed as an enhancement of the MPEG-4 |
Frame size is based on PAL system.
NTSC consists of 29.97 interlaced frames per second.
PAL consists of 25 interlaced frames per second.
NTSC consists of 29.97 interlaced frames per second.
PAL consists of 25 interlaced frames per second.
Audio Codec |
| Codec | bit rate | Sampling frequency | Number of channels | Description |
| General (medium to high bit rate) | ||||
| AC-3 | 640 kbps (max.) 448 kbps (DVD, Digital cable TV) 384 kbps (ATSC) | - | Multi | Belonging to Dolby Digital,supporting multi-channel audio, used on DVD |
| PCM | Varied 64 kbps (DS0) | - | Up to 8 | Pulse-code modulation, digital representation of an analogue signal by sampling the magnitude of the signal at uniform intervals, used in digital telephone systems and digital audio in computers and CDs |
| AAC | - | 8 - 96 kHz | - | Advanced Audio Coding, |
| ATRAC | 48, 64, 66, 132, 256kbps | - | - | Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding, developed by Sony,used to store information on Minidisc, |
| DTS | 768 - 1536 kbps (6-channel) | - | Multi | Digital Theatre System, used for in-movie sound on film and on DVD |
| MP1 | 384 kbps | Varied | 1, 2 | Lowest encoder complexity |
| MP2 | 256 - 384 kbps (excellent) 224 - 256 kbps (very good) 192 - 224 kbps (good) | Varied | 1, 2 | More complex encoder and decoder, able to remove more of the signal redundancy and to apply the psychoacoustic threshold more efficiently |
| MP3 | 224 - 320 kbps (excellent) 192 - 224 kbps (very good) 128 - 192 (good) | 32, 41.1, 48kHz | 1, 2 | More complex, directed towards lower bit rate applications |
| Musepack | 160 - 180 kbps | - | 2 | Known as MPC, MPEGplus,MPEG+ or MP+, a derivative of MP2 |
| TwinVQ | Constant bitrate at 80, 96, 112, 128,160, 192 kbps | - | - | Developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation |
| Vorbis | 45 - 500 kbps | - | - | Open and free codec project from the Xiph.org Foundation |
| WMA | Constant and variable bit rate support | - | Multi | Developed by Microsoft |
| Voice (low bit rate, optimised for speech) | ||||
| G.711 | 64 kbps | 8 kHz | - | Compressed pulse code modulation (PCM) |
| G.723.1 | 6.3, 5.3 kbps | - | - | Used in Voice over IP (VoIP) applications |
| G.726 | 16 - 40 kbps 32 kbps (Commonly used) | - | - | - |
| G.728 | 16 kbps | - | - | - |
| G.729 | 6.4, 8, 11.8 kbps | - | - | Mostly used in VoIP applications |
| HILN | 6 - 16 kbps | - | - | Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise |
| AMR | 4.75, 5.15, 5.90, 6.70, 7,40, 7.95, 10.2, 12.2 kbps | - | - | Adaptive Multi-Rate, |
| Speex | Variable | 8, 16, 32kHz | - | Used in teleconference software, streaming, P2P and audio processing applications |
| Others (used for satellite radio and IBOC digital radio) | ||||
| PAC | - | - | - | Perceptual Audio Coding, an algorithm like MPEG MP3 standard, used by Sirius Satellite Radio |
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